Scientific achievements were reached thanks to the commitment of the ISS research staff, who gained valuable acknowledgments in the biomedical field at international level. Great scientists who were awarded with a the Nobel prize, as Enrico Fermi, Ernst Boris Chain, Daniel Bovet and Rita Levi Montalcini worked at ISS or collaborated closely in its research activities.  Many other renowned scientists like Angelo Celli and Vito Volterra contributed to the progress of science and had a great impact on other researchers across different disciplines, with their long-life research and teaching activities.